An examination of “humiliation” and “dignity” as a dynamic that shapes Syrian refugees’ identities via interaction with pro-regime or pro-opposition Syrians or pro-refugees or anti-refugees in hosting countries.
The emergent illiberal peace in Syria extends the conditions of war and violence into the post-conflict period, creating new citizenship regimes that bifurcate Syrian society into the reconciled and settled and the unsettled and cast out.
Since 2012, North American and European civilians have regularly engaged in combat operations against the Islamic State in the globalized and decentralized battlefields of Iraq and Syria. This article focuses on two aspects of this phenomenon.