This is a roundup of news articles, reports, and other materials focusing on (in)security issues and reflects a wide variety of opinions. It does not reflect the views of Security in Context. The goal is to shed light on knowledge production on security-related issues of public interest from critical perspectives and from global south readings by highlighting media from four particular regions: Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, the Middle East, and developing Asia. Entries may include academic journal articles, think tank reports, non-governmental organizations releases, official documents or government-commissioned research, and regular news items. The material included covers SiC’s key security issues: Climate Change, Security and International Relations, Migration and Displacement, Covid-19 and Capitalism, Technologies of Surveillance, Gender, Race, Ethnicity and Sexuality, Arms and the Military-industrial Complex, and Censorship.
Monthly Roundup Highlight
Edited by Tom Nicholson
Latin America and the Caribbean
Contributor(s): Nick Bythrow and Oshin Pandey
Costa Rica and the Trans-Pacific Partnership
November 30, 2024
Costa Rica has received an official invitation to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), according to a recent announcement from Manuel Tovar, the country's minister of foreign trade. This trade agreement, which links 12 economies on four continents, is frequently cited as one of the most ambitious in the world.
How Suriname and Guyana plan to share oil and gas wealth with citizens
November 30, 2024
Suriname’s more than 600,000 residents will share in the profits from fresh oil and gas finds.
The Death of Municipal Autonomy in Nicaragua
November 27, 2024
Why does the same individual who signed the 1987 restoration of local autonomy now support its repeal?
The Elimination of INAI: A Blow to Transparency and Accountability in Mexico
November 21, 2024
Andrés Manuel López Obrador, the former president of Mexico, concluded his term with broad promises to destroy important institutions that upheld the civil and economic rights of citizens and ensured government accountability. Before Claudia Sheinbaum, Mexico's first female president and López Obrador's selected successor, was elected, these initiatives gathered steam.
Venezuela frees more than 100 arrested after disputed election result
November 16, 2024
According to a local rights group, Venezuelan authorities have freed over 100 individuals who were detained during the contentious presidential election in July.
BRAZIL: Officials condemn attempted bombing
November 15, 2024
Brazilian officials have condemned an attempted suicide bombing outside the Supreme Federal Court building earlier in the week. The attempted bomber died, but nobody else had been hurt in the incident.
Tropical Storm Sara forms in Caribbean, threatening Central America
November 14, 2024
Tropical Storm Sara is the latest in a long line of 19 named storms that have threatened the Caribbean and Central America in recent months. According to the US National Hurricane Center, deadly flash flooding and mudslides are expected once the storm gets to its maximum power in the region.
Airlines suspend Haiti flights after plane hit by gunfire
November 11, 2024
Multiple airlines have suspended their flights to Haiti after a US passenger plane from Spirit Airlines was hit by gunfire while trying to land at Port-au-Prince. This comes as more gang activity in the city is making it more dangerous, including for civilians living there.
Crypto expert with links to gang shot dead at Brazilian airport
November 8, 2024
Brazilian businessman and crypto expert Antônio Vinicius Gritzbach was shot dead after entering a plea deal with local prosecutors to hand over information about First Capital Command, a local gang. Gritzbach was supposed to provide officials with information about how crypto was being used to help the gang launder millions of dollars before he was killed.
Power slowly coming back on in Cuba after passage of Hurricane Rafael
November 7, 2024
Cuban authorities have confirmed the slow return of power to the eastern half of the island following Hurricane Rafael’s devastating path. The Energy and Mines Ministry was still working on restoring power to eastern and central Cuba at the time this article was published.
Africa
Contributor(s): Nick Bythrow
Chad: UN investigates sexual exploitation allegations against aid workers
November 27, 2024
The UN has launched an internal investigation following allegations of sexual exploitation against Sudanese refugees, allegedly carried out by aid workers. They are currently working with local authorities in trying to find out who was involved in the incidents described by young women.
DRC: UDPS pushes for complete overhaul of 2006 constitution
November 22, 2024
The DRC’s Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS) has declared intentions to fully overhaul the country’s 2006 constitution, stating it makes economic and social reforms more difficult. However, their success depends on the President, who, according to Article 218, is the only one who can make changes to the constitution.
November 19, 2024
Ethiopian Minister of Defense Aisha Mohammed has met with senior US officials in hopes of delegating the ongoing conflicts in the Amhara and Oromia regions, alongside Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) efforts in Tigray following the formal end of conflict in the region.
Acute food insecurity to hit most people in South Sudan next year, says UN
November 18, 2024
A new, UN-backed review from the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) says 57% of South Sudan’s population will be “acutely food insecure” by 2025. This is 7.7 million people, an increase from 7.1 million this year.
We all need toilets – expert insights into what happens when there aren’t enough of them
November 18, 2024
This article discusses the efforts that need to be made in order for the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal to reach its target of “safe toilets for all by 2030.” Africa especially needs more toilets and sustainable sanitation efforts, in order to avoid cholera outbreaks and other health hazards.
Mozambique's government imposes ban on demonstrations, after weeks of deadly post-election protests
November 15, 2024
Mozambique has imposed a ban on all public demonstrations following weeks of protests against the country’s election that later turned deadly. Police have been using tear gas and rubber bullets to deter protestors, with this latest action being the most hands-on the government has been.
Ugandans detained for insulting President Museveni and family on TikTok
November 12, 2024
Three Ugandan citizens have been detained after allegedly insulting President Yoweri Museveni, his wife and First Lady Janet Museveni, and their son, General Muhoozi Kainerugaba, on TikTok. Two have been detained at the time this article was written, while another faces the same charges of “[spreading] malicious information.”
November 9, 2024
Farmers, government employees, and other civilians living in Oromia, Ethiopia have reported financial hardship from mandatory programs pertaining to militia and school meal contributions. Acknowledging the programs’ importance, an anonymous farmer explained no food had arrived. There is fear that objection may lead to arrests or other forms of legal action taken against individuals.
November 7, 2024
While African media coverage of climate change has been slowly increasing since 2015, front page and editorial stories about it have been few and far between. This article proposes media coverage in wealthier parts of Africa is leading to less public engagement with the issue. Creating wider awareness is vital to ensuring Africa can tackle these issues with clarity.
Rights group calls for release of minors charged over Nigeria protests
November 4, 2024
Rights groups are pressuring the Nigerian government to drop charges against 30 children aged 14 through 17 who were arrested during protests against the high cost of living. They, alongside 46 adults, are being charged with 10 felony counts, with treason and destruction of property among the top charges.
Middle East
Contributor(s): Tom Nicholson
Syria: Deadly strikes hit Aleppo as rebels seize airport, push towards Hama
November 30, 2024
Syrian rebels have been pushing an offensive that has been ongoing since Wednesday, with dozens of locations already seized by the rebellion’s forces. Allegedly their latest gain is the Aleppo International Airport.
Israel security cabinet approves ceasefire deal with Hezbollah to end Lebanon war
November 26, 2024
Israel and Hezbollah have reached an agreement on a ceasefire deal requiring that both sides withdraw their forces–afterwards Lebanese army soldiers will be deployed in the vacated region. Both sides have 60 days to fulfill their side of the deal.
Hospital director injured in Israeli drone strike on Beit Lahia medical facility
November 24, 2024
The Kamal Adwan Hospital in Beit Lahia, Gaza was bombed by Israel, injuring multiple hospital personnel including the director. This particular hospital has been the target of multiple previous assaults, some of which were directed at the facility’s power generators and oxygen generator.
ICC issues arrest warrant for Netanyahu for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Gaza
November 21, 2024
The International Criminal Court has issued an arrest warrent for the President of Israel on the grounds of crimes against humanity in Gaza. Netanyahu could possibly be arrested if he travels to any country that signed the 1998 Rome statute.
Israel commits more massacres in Gaza, bombs Beirut
November 17, 2024
A reported 96 civilians were killed in recent strikes as Israel continues to target and demolish civilian homes in Gaza. Meanwhile in Lebanon: Hezbollah’s media relations officer was killed when Israel suddenly bombed the headquarters of the Arab Socialist Ba’ath Party in Beirut.
Entire generation in Gaza would lose education if UNRWA collapses, UN says
November 13, 2024
The list of concerns surrounding Israel’s new UNRWA bills includes an entire Gazan generation losing access to its education. Up until now the UNRWA has handled education in Gaza since there is no capable public administration or state, but this system will collapse when the new bills go into effect in January.
Israel’s defence ministry says it has no plans for northern Gaza aid delivery
November 11, 2024
A weeks-long siege in Gaza has provoked the question of what plans Israel has made to provide aid to the people of Gaza, of which the response was that there are currently no plans for such an operation. With the UNRWA bills recently passed, it appears that Gazans will effectively be denied aid for the time being.
'Very serious': Israel's blows against Iran expose infiltration
November 8, 2024
A consecutive series of Israeli intelligence successes has highlighted the possible extent to which Israel has infiltrated Iran’s establishment. Analysts state that Israel’s recent successes in their conflict with Iran—such as targeted strikes and assassinations—would have been impossible without info being leaked from a high level within Iran’s military regime.
88 Palestinians leave Gaza Strip for medical treatment in rare medical evacuation
November 6, 2024
An evacuation operation on a scale rarely seen in recent months has evacuated 88 Palestinians in need of urgent care. Most were sent to the United Arab Emirates for their treatment and the rest went to Romania.
Iran said planning to use more powerful weapons in next attack on Israel
November 3, 2024
Iran is planning another attack on Israel in response to the strikes on Iranian military sites last month. Iranian officials have stated that “other weapons”—weapons more powerful and previously unused in this conflict— will be used in the upcoming attack.
Developing Asia
Contributor(s): Prisca Afantchao
Vietnam, China cross-border railway project to start construction in 2025
November 7, 2024
Vietnam's Prime Minister, Pham Minh Chinh, has expressed support for the Lao Cai - Hanoi - Hai Phong railway line, a $11 billion investment, as a vital link between Vietnam and China. The line will provide faster sea access to Yunnan, support socio-economic development, and alleviate poverty in northern border provinces. Chinh also suggested CRCC explore involvement in other major infrastructure projects in Vietnam, including the Hanoi - Lang Son railway and the North-South high-speed railway.
Indonesia Wants Israel Out of UN
November 12, 2024
At the recent Arab-Islamic summit in Riyadh, Anis Matta proposed revoking Israel's membership at the UN General Assembly following its ongoing aggressions in Gaza. Indonesia aims to garner global support for Palestine's independence and urges all international organizations to isolate Israel and revoke their UN membership.
U.S. aircraft carrier joins military drills with S Korea and Japan
November 13, 2024
South Korea's military plans a three-day joint exercise with the US and Japan, focusing on threats from North Korea and Russia's war with Ukraine. The exercise will include fighter jets, marine patrol aircraft, and USS George Washington. The US Air Force plans to retire its A-10 Thunderbolt II aircraft in key regions.
November 14, 2024
The Philippines' plan to acquire US-made anti-missile and intermediate-range missile systems is deemed "provocative" and "dangerous" by Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Lin Jian. The move is seen as a dangerous and irresponsible choice for the Philippines and Southeast Asian peoples. China urges the Philippines to heed regional calls, correct its actions, and withdraw the "Typhon" missile system in line with previous commitments to avoid further deviation on the wrong path.
Unions file complaints over Myanmar garment production
November 14, 2024
IndustriALL Global Union and two banned Myanmar unions have filed complaints against three major clothing brands, Next, New Yorker, and LPP, alleging they breach internationally-agreed guidelines for responsible business conduct. The union warns that the unchecked textile and garment industry has become a means for Myanmar's military rulers to inject foreign money into a collapsing economy.
₱241.89M agricultural damage recorded, 10,523 farmers devastated by Typhoon ‘Nika’
November 16, 2024
Typhoon "Nika" caused around ₱241.89 million in damage to the agricultural sector in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Ilocos Region, Cagayan Valley, and Central Luzon, affecting 10,523 farmers. The storm devastated 11,607 hectares of agricultural land and caused production losses of 8,217 metric tons. The Department of Agriculture allocated ₱84.88 million worth of agricultural inputs to help farmers. Financial assistance was made available, with loans of up to ₱25,000 under the zero-interest Survival and Recovery Loan Program.
Laos owes billions to China and it can’t get inflation under control
November 18, 2024
For three years, food prices in Laos have risen by over 20%, forcing a growing number of households to forage for food. The country, suffocating under a mountain of debt to China, has struggled to tame inflation, with prices rocketing 23% in 2022 and 31% last year, and on course for 25% this year. The cost of basic staples such as rice, sugar, oil, and chicken doubled last year, forcing many households to forage to supplement their diets.
RMG workers block Dhaka-Tangail highway over unpaid wages
November 28, 2024
Garment factory workers in Gazipur blocked the Dhaka-Tangail Highway, demanding payment of two months' wages. The protest began near the Mahmud Jeans factory, where workers claimed their salaries were withheld for two months. Hundreds gathered near the factory before advancing to block the road, causing significant disruption and stranded vehicles. Police are working to restore order and negotiate a resolution.
Centralised Disaster Operations Centre mobilised as flood crisis escalates nationwide
November 29, 2024
Malaysia's Centralised Disaster Operations Control Centre (PKOB) has been activated to coordinate rescue operations and manage flood victims in eight states. The National Disaster Management Agency (Nadma) confirmed the centre's role in mobilizing assets, logistics, and rescue teams. The Special Malaysia Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (Smart) has been deployed to assist with search and rescue operations. The PKOB will monitor conditions and prepare natural disaster reports. As of 6am, 80,589 victims have been displaced.
DPK holds another massive anti-government rally in Seoul
November 30, 2024
The Democratic Party of Korea (DPK) and its supporters held a massive rally in Seoul, demanding a special counsel probe into first lady Kim Keon Hee for mishandling state affairs. The protest, the fifth of its kind, was led by DPK leader Lee Jae-myung and around 100,000 party members. Yoon Suk Yeol vetoed the bill, citing it as a battle for democracy. The DPK joined civic groups protesting the government.
Israel and Palestine
Contributor(s): Diego Winger
Israel sanctions Haaretz due to articles that ‘hurt’ Israeli state
November 28, 2024
In a move personally approved by President Netanyahu, the Israeli government has strongly cut ties with its primary newspaper of record, Haaretz. Agencies funded by the government are banned from having any kind of involvement with the magazine, noted for its left-wing leaning and strong reputation, due to governmental accusations that it has “hurt the legitimacy” of the country particularly with regards to its reporting on the war in Gaza. In response, the newspaper has made cynical allusions to right-wing authoritarian regimes like that of Putin, calling the move an attack on democracy and independent reporting. Haaretz columnist Gideon Levy claimed that many view it as the only true Israeli newspaper, as the others have, especially in the past year, essentially become mouthpieces for the government.
One-third of Jewish-American teens say they 'sympathise' with Hamas, Israeli government poll shows
November 22, 2024
A recent international poll of diasporic Jewish teenagers conducted by an Israeli ministry found that American-Jewish youth quite sharply differed from other diasporic Jewish youth in their stronger criticism of Israel and support for Palestinians, even Hamas. Over one third of Jewish Americans aged between 14 and 18 agreed with the statement “I sympathize with Hamas” and a similar proportion rejected the label of Zionist, though only about one in six (about half as much) disagree with the notion that Israel has the right to exist as a Jewish state. Somewhat closer to half agreed with the statement that Israel is “committing genocide” in Palestine, as opposed to only about 10% of non-American diasporic Jewish youth, and two thirds expressed that they sympathize with Palestinians in general. The Israeli ministry administering the international survey lamented the weaker connection American Jewish youth feel to Israel and their tendency “to support the Palestinian side,” and encouraged pro-Israel organizations to target them in order to strengthen their ideological commitment to the country. Similarly, back in 2021 another poll of American Jews of all ages revealed that about a quarter believed that Israel is an “apartheid state,” while a majority expressed that agreeing with that claim is not itself antisemitic.
ICC issues arrest warrants for Netanyahu, Gallant over Gaza war; PM slams ‘antisemitism’
November 21, 2024
The International Criminal Court has issued warrants for the arrest of President Netanyahu and former defense minister Yoav Gallant, as well as Hamas military wing leader Mohammad Deif (though presumed dead by the IDF). The two Israeli officials were accused by the top ICC prosecutor Karim Khan of war crimes and crimes against humanity, making this the first time the court has issued warrants for the arrest of leaders from countries generally considered democratic. Most countries (with the exception of the United States, among others) are party to the court and now are a strong liability for Netanyahu and Gallant to visit, as despite the lack of an international enforcement mechanism, those countries are legally required to take the warrants seriously. Israeli officials have called the move “antisemitic” and a dramatic though unsurprising act made in a rushed manner in order to redirect focus from prosecutor Khan’s sexual misconduct allegations, which have been under an ICC-formulated external probe. The decision was based on claims similar to those of the recent UN report, such as the accusation that Israel has used starvation as a weapon of war, and Khan added that further investigations are still ongoing. Israel has denied such claims, arguing that the civilian-to-combatant death ratio is meaningfully lower than those of similar urban conflicts, despite Hamas allegedly using civilians as human shields, and that the Israeli government has made efforts to expand aid, despite lootings by Palestinian gangs.
How was a UN aid convoy robbed near Israeli military positions?
November 20, 2024
The nighttime gang-based looting of the vast majority of a convoy of UN aid trucks, nearly 100, at the Karem Abu Salem/Kerem Shalom crossing into southern Gaza from Israel resulted in roughly 20 of the looters being killed by Hamas security forces in coordination with local community members. Aid workers were injured and trucks damaged, and the situation has been made even more infamous due to it having taken place at a crossing extensively controlled by IDF forces. Small Palestinian gangs have been occasionally looting aid trucks at that southern Gaza crossing for months, even creating militarized bases in areas regularly patrolled by the IDF. An internal memo within the UN indicates that those southern Gazan gangs may possibly be benefiting from passivity or even active benevolence and protection from Israeli forces. The looting has made the food scarcity situation in southern Gaza worse, which in October saw only a quarter of the usual amount of food allowed into Gaza by the IDF. Parallel to the local Palestinian gangs but lacking the actual need for supplies, right-wing Israelis have also targeted aid trucks often with the support of individual Israeli soldiers and the anti-aid National Security Minister, Itamar Ben-Gvir.
Pope Francis calls for investigation into 'genocide' in Gaza
November 18, 2024
Days after a UN special committee accused Israeli government and military policy of acts consistent with segregation and genocide, the Catholic world leader released a book including an excerpt addressing similar claims. He noted that while more research is needed to determine if Israeli policies truly meet a consensus-backed definition of genocide, some experts in relevant fields already believe the evidence is suitably clear to make that assertion.
Here’s why the Gaza war is ‘consistent with genocide’, according to UN body
November 15, 2024
An UN report has claimed that Israel is committing genocide in Gaza via the restriction and destruction of basic resources and infrastructure. They claim some Israeli officials have publicly supported restricting the basic needs of Palestinian civilians. Recent estimates also predict that to recycle even half of the debris strewn throughout Gaza would take roughly half a century, and the vast majority of the population has been displaced at least once. Additionally, the report claims that the IDF has used AI to target alleged militants.
Israel rejects HRW accusations of ‘forcible transfer,’ ‘ethnic cleansing’ in north Gaza
November 14, 2024
The spokesperson of the Israeli Foreign Ministry criticized Human Rights Watch (HRW), claiming that their reporting on the war in Gaza is consistently “detached from reality.” This month the organization published a nearly 200-page report that they had evidence including satellite imagery and interviews with displaced civilians, as well as statements made by major IDF officials, to prove that there has been intentional mass forcible displacement and that this qualifies as a war crime. Laws of armed conflict make it illegal to remove civilians from regions deemed “occupied” unless fully necessary for civilian safety or significant military needs. The Israeli spokesperson criticized the report, arguing that the IDF targets the “terror capabilities” of Hamas rather than civilians, and claimed that it is the fault of Hamas for creating their infrastructure and embedding their agents in densely-residential areas. Additionally the current Foreign Minister claimed that displaced northern Gazans would be able to return to their homes after the war. The IDF made similar criticisms of the HRW report, arguing that it cherry-picked information while ignoring context, also pulling from “Hamas-controlled sources.” The IDF instead claimed that the alleged forcible displacement was instead a method to protect civilians from harm, following international law to give precautions to reduce collateral damage prior to striking militant-controlled areas. The HRW claims that it would be necessary for the IDF to prove that all cases of displacement were the only viable option to protect civilians.
Israeli news outlet admits ethnic cleansing in northern Gaza
November 10, 2024
Despite being a highly-regarded Israeli newspaper, Haaretz has, in a recent report by the military correspondent, accused the IDF of committing an “ethnic cleansing” of northern Gaza. The correspondent added that the military has admitted to following parts of the General’s Plan and that it will continue to reject Palestinians from returning to their homes in the north, with a strong indefinite tone indicating that Netanyahu might be aiming to please his far-right base by planning an Israeli resettlement of northern Gaza.
Israel's Netanyahu shows who calls the shots with Gallant sacking
November 6, 2024
Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant, originally a navy commander almost fifty years ago and eventually a major general involved in two wars in Gaza, has been reported to be in strong conflict with President Netanyahu this year whilst receiving much warmer reception by the US White House. Initially supportive of the war against Hamas and liable for potential ICC war crime charges, he began to slide to a position focused more on reaching a hostage deal than dragging out the conflict and lacking post-war strategy. He was fired from his position and replaced with the previous Foreign Minister, Israel Katz, who appears to be more happy to follow Netanyahu’s right-wing party line regarding the war despite having no combat experience.
Israeli army 'preventing' return of forcibly expelled Palestinians to north Gaza
November 6, 2024
In the northern governances of North Gaza and Gaza City, over one thousand Palestinians have been killed over the past month. Additionally in the past few weeks more than fifty thousand residents, roughly one in seven northern Gazans, have been forcibly displaced from Jabalia towards the south. The Jabalia refugee camp is the largest in Gaza, created by the United Nations in 1948 to house Palestinians displaced by the Nakba, and in the war it has faced catastrophic damage from Israeli airstrikes. Israeli human rights groups have warned of signs that the IDF is going ahead with parts of the “General’s Plan” to fully besiege northern Gaza and treat remaining Palestinians as militants, formulated by an Israeli NGO with well over a thousand officers.
Key Issues
This section includes the latest and most pressing news regarding SiC’s key security issues.
Contributor(s): Oshin Pandey
Namibia elects Nandi-Ndaitwah as country’s first woman president
December 3, 2024
The 72-year-old Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah defeated the odds of a runoff by winning with 57 percent of the vote.
In world's largest refugee camps, Rohingya mobilise to fight in Myanmar
November 25, 2024
Thousands of Rohingya from refugee camps in Bangladesh have been recruited to fight in Myanmar, many of them for groups aligned with their former junta persecutors.
The China-North Korea Relationship
November 21, 2024
As the U.S.-China rivalry heats up and North Korea strengthens its connections with Russia, the complex dynamics between the two Asian nuclear powers are changing once more.
President Xi Jinping Meets with U.S. President Joe Biden in Lima
November 17, 2024
President Xi Jinping and U.S. President Joe Biden met in Lima on the afternoon of November 16. According to both presidents, their meeting was open, insightful, and productive. They said that they would be open to continuing communication.
Economic Partnership and Technological Synergy: The Evolving Taiwan-Saudi Arabia Partnership
November 13, 2024
Converging interests in the bilateral relationship between Taiwan and Saudi Arabia have long persisted despite political obstacles. The changing relationship between Taiwan and Saudi Arabia offers an intriguing case study in economic and technological diplomacy, as it has evolved from a strong partnership based on anti-communist unity to one that is overshadowed by Saudi Arabia's changing strategic interests.
Japan unveils $65 bln plan to aid domestic chip industry
November 11, 2024
Shigeru Ishiba, the prime minister of Japan, announced a $65 billion plan to support the nation's semiconductor and AI businesses through financial incentives and subsidies.
Mauritius election 2024: Amid wiretapping scandal, what’s at stake?
November 10, 2024
Mauritius, a stable democracy, is conducting its election in the midst of shocking claims that government agents were wiretapping the country. The nation from southeast Africa has had a robust and active parliamentary democracy since gaining independence from Britain in 1968. Its 12th national election will take place this year.
Turkey is searching for a way out of Syria’s impasse
November 8, 2024
The timing of Turkey's Syria plan is crucial. Ankara may change its Kurdish policy as it explores political options in response to military impasse, Russian opposition, and US economic pressure.
Why Is North Korea Sending Troops to Fight for Russia?
November 7, 2024
It is unusual that North Korean forces are participating in the conflict in Ukraine on Russia's side. North Korea is the first country to initiate a foreign military incursion, and this historic move will undoubtedly have dire repercussions. What is the reason behind Kim Jong Un's decision to send military forces to Russia at this time?
